Contrast Media

In 1994 the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) set up a committee to consider the safety of contrast media used for diagnostic imaging. Subsequently the committee questioned ESUR members, reviewed the literature, proposed guidelines, and discussed these proposals with participants at the annual symposia of the society. The end result of this work was the successful first edition of this book, published in 2006, which was followed by an equally successful second edition in 2009. This third edition not only fully updates the previous edition, but also includes new chapters on complex topics such as use of contrast media in children and practical aspects of off-label contrast media use. The authorship includes members, past members, and non-members of the Contrast Media Safety Committee.

The third edition of this book includes new material on pediatric issues and practical aspects of off-label contrast media. Also covers safety issues involving iodine-based contrast media, gadolinium-based media, microbubbles for ultrasound and barium sulfate.

General Issues: Classification and Terminology.- Requests for Imaging using contrast agents: What information must be provided.- Off-label use of medicines: legal aspects.- Off-label use of contrast media: practical aspects.- Pharmacovigilance: When to report adverse reactions to contrast media.- What is required to get the authorities to approve a new contrast medium?.- A critical review of meta-analysis of adverse events after contrast media.- Iodine- and Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media: General Adverse Reactions: Acute adverse reactions to contrast media: Mechanisms and prevention.- Iodine-based contrast medium temperature and adverse reactions.- Management of acute adverse reactions to  contrast media.- Renal Adverse reactions:  Chronic kidney disease, serum creatinine and estimated glomerular  filtration rate (eGFR).- Contrast medium-induced nephropathy.- Dialysis and contrast media.- Other adverse effects: Pregnancy and lactation: intravascular use of contrast media.- Pheochromocytoma and contrast media.- Contrast media and interactions with other drugs and clinical tests.- Contrast media extravasation injury.- Iodine-based contrast media: Late adverse reactions to iodine-based contrast media.- Effects of iodine-based contrast media on blood and endothelium.- Effects of iodine-based contrast media on thyroid function.- Pulmonary effects of iodine-based contrast media.- MRcontrast media: Gadolinium chelates and stability.- Diagnostic efficacy of gadolinium-based contrast media.- Radiography with gadolinium-based contrast media.- Acute adverse reactions to gadolinium-based contrast media.- Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium- based contrast media.- Organ specific gadolinium-based contrast media.- Ultrasonographic Contrast media.- Barium Preparations: Barium preparations: safety issues.- Pediatric use of Contrast Media: Contrast media use in pediatrics: Safety issues.- Appendix: ESUR Guidelines on Contrast Media Version 8.1.- Official publications from the Contrast Media Safety Committee of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology.