The IoT Physical Layer

This book documents some of the most recent advances on the physical layer of the Internet of Things (IoT), including sensors, circuits, and systems. The application area selected for illustrating these advances is that of autonomous, wearable systems for real-time medical diagnosis. The book is unique in that it adopts a holistic view of such systems and includes not only the sensor and processing subsystems, but also the power, communication, and security subsystems. Particular attention is paid to the integration of these IoT subsystems as well as the prototyping platforms needed for achieving such integration. Other unique features include the discussion of energy-harvesting subsystems to achieve full energy autonomy and the consideration of hardware security as a requirement for the integrity of the IoT physical layer. One unifying thread of the various designs considered in this book is that they have all been fabricated and tested in an advanced, low-power CMOS process, namely GLOBALFOUNDRIES 65nm CMOS LPe.

Provides up-to-date information on the architecture, design, implementation and testing of IoT sensors, circuits, and systems

Part 1. Advanced Materials and Sensors.- Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Design of Electrocardiogram Sensors: Current Status and Perspectives.- A Preliminary Evaluation of Continuous, Shoe-IntegratedWeight Measurements for Heart Failure Patients.- ALD Al-doped ZnO Thin Film as Semiconductor and Piezoelectric Material: Process Synthesis.- ALD Al-doped ZnO Thin Film as Semiconductor and Piezoelectric Material: Characterization.- ALD Al doped ZnO Thin Film as Semiconductor and Piezoelectric Material: Transistors and Sensors.- Lab-on-Chip Silicon Photonics Sensor.- Part 2. Architectures and Circuits.- Design Challenges in Wireless Sensors for Dental Applications.- Energy-Efficient Body Area Network Transceiver Using Body Coupled Communication.- Ultra-low power ECG Processor for IoT SOCs.- Time-delay Array Beamforming for Millimeter Wave IoT Systems.- Part 3. Algorithms and Protocols.- Nature-Inspired Optimization in the Era of IoT: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Applied to Indoor Distributed Antenna Systems (I-DAS).- Low-power, Dynamic-data-rate Protocol for IoT Communication.- Efficient Algorithm for VT/VF Prediction for IoT SoCs.- MSER-in-chip: An Efficient Vision Tool for IoT Devices.- Part 4. Power Management.- A Low Power, High Resolution ZCS Control for Inductor-based Converters.- Power Management Unit for IoT.- Macromodeling of Microbatteries for IoT Micro-power Source Integration.- Part 5. Systems and Security.- Self-Powered SoC Platform forWearable Health Care.- Toward An Integrated, Low-power Platform for Continuous Congestive Heart-failure Monitoring.- Hardware Security and Trust: Logic Locking as a Design-for-Trust Solution.