Pollen and Pollination

Pollen studies make important contributions nature, into three main themes: pollen struc to our knowledge in many interdisciplinary ture and constituents, pollen evolutionary arenas. Pollen identification is widely used in ecology and the pollen-pollinator interface. reconstruction of, e.g., vegetation, the climate Several papers overlap somewhat or are of the past, and plant biodiversity. Studies perhaps even somewhat contradictory and concerning pollen structure, size and form are reflect the author's own ideas and experience. key issues in basic sciences, as, e.g., plant Some could be understood more deeply by taxonomy and evolution, but are also of consulting other closely related articles. The importance in applied fields as, e.g., plant reader is strongly referred to the respective breeding. In pollination studies pollen is literature list of each article. generally used specifically to identify food ofanther ripening and pollen The last steps development (Pacini) and the mature pollen sources of visitors and to reconstruct their foraging routes. Fewer have been devoted to wall structure (Hesse) are key factors to pollen collection mechanisms and to the struc understand pollen dispersal mechanisms in ture and content of pollen in relation to its biotic pollination (Stroo) as well as abiotic pollination (Ackerman). Pollen size, shape, function.

Of interest to botanists, zoologists, evolutionary biologists, ecologists,

Pollen Wall Stratification and Pollination.- From Anther and Pollen Ripening to Pollen Presentation.- Cytochemistry of Mature Angiosperm Pollen.- The Ecology and Evolution of Pollen Odors.- The Ecology and Evolution of Visual Pollen Signals.- Pollen Viability and Longevity: Practical, Ecological and Evolutionary Implications.- The Role of Electrostatic Forces in Pollination.- Pollen Grains: Why So Many?.- Abiotic Pollen and Pollination: Ecological, Functional, and Evolutionary Perspectives.- Pollen Nutritional Content and Digestibility for Animals.- The Collection of Pollen by Bees.- Pollen Morphological Evolution in Bat Pollinated Plants.- The Structure and Function of Orchid Pollinaria.- Deceptive Orchids with Meliponini as Pollinators.- Thread-Forming Structures in Angiosperm Anthers: Their Diverse Role in Pollination Ecology.- Convergent Evolution and Adaptive Radiation of Beetle-Pollinated Angiosperms.