Belligerents, Brinkmanship, and the Big Stick

This encyclopedia offers authoritative coverage of the concepts, traditions, events, and individuals that shaped United States' foreign relations from the American Revolution to the present.Belligerents, Brinkmanship, and the Big Stick: A Historical Encyclopedia of American Diplomatic Concepts is the first comprehensive encyclopedic work to focus specifically on America's extraordinary history of political engagement with the world. With hundreds of alphabetically organized entries and a rich collection of primary sources, it offers a unique way of understanding the centrality of diplomacy and the role of foreign relations throughout U.S. history.The encyclopedia is divided into five chronological sections, each containing a brief introduction, topical entries, biographical portraits, and representative documents. It is designed to help readers gain a deeper understanding of both general ideas as well as specific policies like the Monroe Doctrine, the Open Door Policy, and Shuttle Diplomacy. By examining seminal events, important ideas, and individual contributions in the context of U.S. history, the encyclopedia reveals the underlying traditions and motivations of American foreign policy as it has evolved over time.

The United States is often portrayed as country that gradually, even at times grudgingly, entered the realm of international diplomacy. But in fact, diplomatic alliances have been an essential component of the American story from the very beginning, when the young nation used its connections to bolster its revolutionary efforts, patch together a country out of a variety of foreign territories, and protect itself from its enemies.

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsSection 1: Inventing a Foreign Policy, 1776-1830Key ConceptsAllianceDiplomatsEmbargoImpressmentJay's TreatyLegitimacyLouisianaMercantilismMonroe DoctrineMost Favored NationNeutralityNonimportationNo-Transfer PrinciplePaper BlockadePinckney's TreatyPlan of 1776PlenipotentiaryQuasi-War with FranceRatificationRecognitionRule of 1756Transcontinental Treaty (Florida)Treaty (Treaty of Paris, 1783)Uti Possedetus (Treaty of Ghent, 1814)War HawksXYZ AffairBiographiesDeane, SilasFranklin, BenjaminGallatin, AlbertGenêt, EdmondJay, JohnLivingston, RobertLogan, GeorgeRush, RichardSymmes, John CleveWilkinson, JamesSection 2: Expansion and Civil War, 1830-1880Key ConceptsAlaskaArbitration (Alabama Claims)China MarketFilibusteringFirst Shot TraditionJapan, Opening ofJoint Resolution (Texas)King Cotton DiplomacyManifest DestinyMexican WarNatural BoundariesOregon ClaimsOregon FeverOstend Manifesto (Cuba)Recognition as a BelligerentSanto DomingoTexas RevolutionWebster-Ashburton TreatyBiographiesAdams, Charles FrancisAstor, John JacobBidlack, Benjamin A.Burlingame, AnsonCalhoun, John CaldwellClayton, John MiddletonCushing, CalebGadsden, JamesHarris, TownsendKearny, Stephen WattsPerry, Matthew CalbraithScott, WinfieldSeward, William H.Slidell, JohnStockton, Robert FieldTrist, NicholasUpshur,AbelVan Buren, MartinWalker, WilliamWebster, DanielWilkes, CharleSection 3: Rise of a Great Power, 1880-1914Key ConceptsAlgecirasAnti-ImperialismBig StickBoxer RebellionCuban RebellionDollar DiplomacyGunboat DiplomacyHawaiiJingoismMediation (Russo-Japanese War)MissionNeutralizationNew Manifest DestinyOlney CorollaryOpen Door PolicyPanamaPan-AmericanismPlatt AmendmentProtectionismPunitive ExpeditionRapprochementSpanish-American-Cuban WarSugarBiographiesAdee, AlveyBlaine, James GillespieBryan, William JenningsDewey, GeorgeHay, John MiltonOlney, RichardRoot, ElihuShufeldt, Robert WilsonStevens, John LeavittTeller, Henry MooreWood, LeonardSection 4: The World Wars, 1914-1945Key ConceptsAmerican Expeditionary ForceAtlantic CharterAtomic DiplomacyDisarmamentFour PolicemenFourteen PointsGood Neighbor PolicyGrand AllianceGreat WarIsland HoppingIsolationismKellogg-Briand PactLeague of NationsLend-LeaseNeutrality (1914-1917)Neutrality ActsNon-recognitionPearl HarborQuarantineRed ScareSecond FrontSiberian ExpeditionStimson DoctrineUnited NationsUnrestricted Submarine WarfareYaltaBiographiesHopkins, HarryHughes, Charles EvansHull, CordellKellogg, Frank B.Lodge, Henry CabotNye, Gerald P.Pershing, John J.Stimson, Henry L.Section 5: The Cold War and After, 1945Key ConceptsBay of PigsBerlinBrinkmanshipBush DoctrineCambodiaContainmentDétenteFree TradeGATTGulf WarHostage CrisisIran-ContraIsraelLand for PeaceLiberation of Eastern EuropeLimited War (Korea)Marshall PlanMassive RetaliationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)NSC-68Red Scare AgainShuttle DiplomacySputnikTetTonkin Gulf IncidentTruman DoctrineU-2War on TerrorBiographiesAcheson, DeanDulles, John FosterKissinger, HenryMarshall, George C.McNamara, Robert StrangeRumsfeld, DonaldChronologyIndexAbout the Author