New Techniques in the Analysis of Foods

The contributions in this volume were first presented at a symposium organized by the editors and held at the 214th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Las Vegas in September, 1997. The symposium was sponsored by the ACS Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry and covered recent developments of interest in food analysis. Many changes have occurred since the standard textbooks on food analysis were published: E. coli 0 157:H7 has leaped into prominence, requiring new and rapid methods of detection; MALDI-MS was developed and used in food analysis for the first time; elec tron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrorheology have been applied to cheese, bread, meat, and chocolate, new methods for monitoring and predicting shelf life have been introduced; new techniques for determining the composition of food have evolved. This book includes many emerging approaches which food scientists may find useful and probably will not find in a textbook. The editors thank the authors whose work is presented in these chapters, the Divi sion of Agricultural and Food Chemistry for agreeing to hold the symposium, and our edi tors at Kluwer Academic I Plenum Publishers whose assistance made our task easier. Michael H. Tunick Samuel A. Palumbo Pina M. Fratamico v CONTENTS Physical Properties I. Transmission Electron Microscopic Imaging of Casein Submicelle Distribution in Mozzarella Cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael H. Tunick, Peter H. Cooke, Edyth L. Malin, Philip W. Smith, and V. H. Holsinger 9 2. Confocal Microscopy of Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transmission Electron Microscopic Imaging of Casein Submicelle Distribution in Mozzarella Cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Confocal Microscopy of Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Physical Properties.- 1. Transmission Electron Microscopic Imaging of Casein Submicelle Distribution in Mozzarella Cheese.- 2. Confocal Microscopy of Bread.- 3. Dimensional Analysis of the Electrorheological Behavior of Milk Chocolate.- 4. Extracting Useful Information from Irregular and Irreproducible Mechanical and Other Signatures.- 5. DSC Analysis of Starch Thermal Properties Related to Functionality in Low-Moisture Baked Goods.- 6. Phase Transitions of Soy Globulins and the Development of State Diagrams.- 7. A Novel Fluorescent Method for Rapid Screening of Compounds for Antioxidant Activity.- Microbiological Analyses.- 8. An Overview of Methods for Identification of E. coli O157:H7.- 9. A Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Real-Time Immunologic Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7.- 10. Bioluminescence: Shedding New Light on Old Problems.- 11. Use of the Submerged-Coil Heating Apparatus in the Study of Thermal Resistance of Foodborne Pathogens.- 12. A Rapid Method for Predicting the Potential Shelf-Life of Fresh Chicken.- 13. Rapid Impediometric Method to Determine Crustacean Food Freshness.- Compositional Analyses.- 14. Rapid Methods for Compositional Analyses of Meat and Meat Products.- 15. A New Mass Spectrometric Method for the Regiospecific Analysis of Triacylglycerols in Edible Oils and Fats.- 16. MALDI-MS for Food Analysis.- 17. Analysis of Food Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Dietary Fiber Polysaccharides.- 18. Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite in Meat and Dairy Products.