The first ever survey of Roman military and civil intelligence; examines in detail the operation of Roman intelligence gathering from shaky beginnings to a high level of efficiency, and shows who gathered it and for whom.
List of Figures List of Plates Preface Abbreviations 1. Introduction: The Other Side of the Hill 2. The Hostile Horizon: Strategic Intelligence 3. Making Contact: Tactical Intelligence 4. Groping towards Empire: The Republic 5. The View from Rome: The Emperor's Perspective 6. Facing Facts: The Governor and his Officium 7. The Watch on the Frontier: The Governor's Perspective 8. Bridging the Gap: Emperors on the Frontiers 9. Hierarchies of Intelligence: The Fourth Century 10: Full Cycle: The Development of Roman Intelligence Notes Bibliography General Index Index of Sources.