The Green Fiscal Mechanism and Reform for Low Carbon Development

This book reviews how far East Asian nations have implemented green fiscal reform, and show how they can advance carbon-energy tax reform to realize low-carbon development, with special reference to European policy and experience.East Asian nations are learning European experiences to adopt them in their political, economic and institutional contexts. However, implementation has been slow in practice, partly due to low acceptability that comes from the same concerns as in Europe, and partly due to weak institutional arrangements for the reform. The slow progress in the revenue side turns our eyes on expenditure side: how East Asian nations have increased environmental-related expenditures, and how far they have greened sectorial expenditures. This "e;lifecycle"e; assessment of the fiscal reform, coupled with the assessment of the institutional arrangement constitutes the features of this book.The book helps to provide overall picture of green fiscal reform and carbon-energy tax reform in the East Asian region. The region has a variety of countries, from lowest income to high-income nations. Nations have different interests in substance and barriers for reform. This book covers recent development of environmental fiscal reform and carbon-energy taxation in wider nations in the region, including South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and Japan. In addition, the book's holistic view helps to understand why a specific nation has interest and concern on some aspects of the reforms.

Preface, Akihisa Mori, Paul Ekins and Stefan Speck Introduction, Akihisa Mori, Paul Ekins and Stefan Speck Part I 1. Environmental Fiscal Mechanism and Reform in East Asia: An Overview, Akihisa Mori 2. China's Fiscal Expenditure for Environmental Protection, Ma Zhong and Wu Jian 3. Re-visiting Environmentally Related Taxes in China, Wu Jian, Mao Yujiao, and Ma Zhong 4. Political Economy of Implementing Pollution Control Fees: The Case of Taiwan, Li-chun Chen 5. Greening the Government Budget in Vietnam: Recent Changes and Future Challenges, Le Thi Kim Oanh and Akihisa Mori Part II 6. Environmental Tax Reform: Experience in Europe and Implications for East Asia, Paul Ekins 7. Environmental Tax Reform in the Context of Recovery from Financial Crisis, Stefan Speck 8. The Decline and Revival of Environmentally-Related Taxation in Europe, Mikael Skou Andersen 9. Green Fiscal Commissions in Europe, Paul Ekins and Ben Shaw Part III 10. Energy Tax and Fiscal Reform Toward a Sustainable Low-Carbon Economy: The Case of Japan, Soocheol Lee and Kazuhiro Ueta 11. Challenges for Low Carbon Policy and Fiscal Reform in Korea, Oh Sang Kwon 12. Perspectives and Challenges of Green Tax Reform in Taiwan, Daigee Shaw and Pi Chen 13. Environmental Fiscal Reform in Thailand, Chapika Sangkapitux and Akihisa Mori 14. Green Fiscal Policy Strategies in Response to Climate Change in Indonesia, Budy P. Resosudarmo and Abdurohman Conclusion: Green Fiscal Reform and Future Challenges for the East Asia, Soocheol Lee and Kazuhiro Ueta