Civil Avionics Systems

Civil Avionics Systems, Second Edition, is an updated and in-depth practical guide to integrated avionic systems as applied to civil aircraft and this new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in modern avionics. It describes avionic systems and potential developments in the field to help educate students and practitioners in the process of designing, building and operating modern aircraft in the contemporary aviation system.Integration is a predominant theme of this book, as aircraft systems are becoming more integrated and complex, but so is the economic, political and technical environment in which they operate.Key features:* Content is based on many years of practical industrial experience by the authors on a range of civil and military projects* Generates an understanding of the integration and interconnectedness of systems in modern complex aircraft* Updated contents in the light of latest applications* Substantial new material has been included in the areas of avionics technology, software and system safetyThe authors are all recognised experts in the field and between them have over 140 years' experience in the aircraft industry. Their direct and accessible style ensures that Civil Avionics Systems, Second Edition is a must-have guide to integrated avionic systems in modern aircraft for those in the aerospace industry and academia.

Civil Avionics Systems, Second Edition, is an updated and in-depth practical guide to integrated avionic systems as applied to civil aircraft and this new edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in modern avionics. It describes avionic systems and potential developments in the fi eld to help educate students and practitioners in the process of designing, building and operating modern aircraft in the contemporary aviation system. Integration is a predominant theme of this book, as aircraft systems are becoming more integrated and complex, but so is the economic, political and technical environment in which they operate. Key features: * Content is based on many years of practical industrial experience by the authors on a range of civil and military projects * Generates an understanding of the integration and interconnectedness of systems in modern complex aircraft * Updated contents in the light of latest applications * Substantial new material has been included in the areas of avionics technology, software and system safety The authors are all recognised experts in the field and between them have over 140 years' experience in the aircraft industry. Their direct and accessible style ensures that Civil Avionics Systems, Second Edition is a must-have guide to integrated avionic systems in modern aircraft for those in the aerospace industry and academia.

About the Authors xixSeries Preface xxiPreface to Second Edition xxiiPreface to First Edition xxiiiAcknowledgements xxvList of Abbreviations xxvi1 Introduction 11.1 Advances since 2003 11.2 Comparison of Boeing and Airbus Solutions 21.3 Outline of Book Content 21.4 The Appendices 42 Avionics Technology 72.1 Introduction 72.2 Avionics Technology Evolution 82.3 Avionics Computing 112.4 Digital Systems Input and Output 192.5 Binary Arithmetic 292.6 The Central Processing Unit (CPU) 342.7 Software 432.8 Microprocessors 532.9 Memory Technologies 592.10 Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) 642.11 Integrated Circuits 702.12 Integrated Circuit Packaging 733 Data Bus Networks 793.1 Introduction 793.2 Digital Data Bus Basics 803.3 Transmission Protocols 843.4 ARINC 429 883.5 MIL-STD-1553B 913.6 ARINC 629 973.7 ARINC 664 Part 7 1003.8 CANbus 1103.9 Time Triggered Protocol 1133.10 Fibre-optic Data Communications 1133.11 Data Bus Summary 1154 System Safety 1194.1 Introduction 1194.2 Flight Safety 1204.3 System Safety Assessment 1244.4 Reliability 1284.5 Availability 1344.6 Integrity 1384.7 Redundancy 1414.8 Analysis Methods 1484.9 Other Considerations 1515 Avionics Architectures 1595.1 Introduction 1595.2 Avionics Architecture Evolution 1595.3 Avionic Systems Domains 1695.4 Avionics Architecture Examples 1725.5 IMA Design Principles 1885.6 The Virtual System 1895.7 Partitioning 1945.8 IMA Fault Tolerance 1955.9 Network Definition 1975.10 Certification 1985.11 IMA Standards 2016 Systems Development 2056.1 Introduction 2056.2 System Design Guidelines 2066.3 Interrelationship of Design Processes 2106.4 Requirements Capture and Analysis 2136.5 Development Processes 2176.6 Development Programme 2246.7 Extended Operations Requirements 2266.8 ARINC Specifications and Design Rigour 2296.9 Interface Control 2317 Electrical Systems 2357.1 Electrical Systems Overview 2357.2 Electrical Power Generation 2397.3 Power Distribution and Protection 2487.4 Emergency Power 2547.5 Power System Architectures 2597.6 Aircraft Wiring 2687.7 Electrical Installation 2767.8 Bonding and Earthing 2807.9 Signal Conditioning 2827.10 Central Maintenance Systems 2848 Sensors 2918.1 Introduction 2918.2 Air Data Sensors 2928.3 Magnetic Sensors 3018.4 Inertial Sensors 3068.5 Combined Air Data and Inertial 3178.6 Radar Sensors 3239 Communications and Navigation Aids 3299.1 Introduction 3299.2 Communications 3329.3 Ground-Based Navigation Aids 3479.4 Instrument Landing Systems 3509.5 Space-Based Navigation Systems 3549.6 Communications Control Systems 36210 Flight Control Systems 36510.1 Principles of Flight Control 36510.2 Flight Control Elements 36810.3 Flight Control Actuation 37110.4 Principles of Fly-By-Wire 37910.5 Boeing 777 Flight Control System 38310.6 Airbus Flight Control Systems 38910.7 Autopilot Flight Director System 39610.8 Flight Data Recorders 40111 Navigation Systems 40511.1 Principles of Navigation 40511.2 Flight Management System 41311.3 Electronic Flight Bag 42711.4 Air Traffic Management 43011.5 Performance-Based Navigation 43311.6 Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast 44211.7 Boeing and Airbus Implementations 44211.8 Terrain Avoidance Warning System (TAWS) 44412 Flight Deck Displays 44912.1 Introduction 44912.2 First Generation Flight Deck: the Electromagnetic Era 45012.3 Second Generation Flight Deck: the Electro-Optic Era 45512.4 Third Generation: the Next Generation Flight Deck 46312.5 Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor (ECAM) System 46512.6 Standby Instruments 46812.7 Head-Up Display Visual Guidance System (HVGS) 46912.8 Enhanced and Synthetic Vision Systems 47312.9 Display System Architectures 48612.9.1 Airworthiness Regulations 48612.9.2 Display Availability and Integrity 48612.9.3 Display System Functional Elements 48712.9.4 Dumb Display Architecture 48812.9.5 Semi-Smart Display Architecture 49012.9.6 Fully Smart (Integrated) Display Architecture 49012.10 Display Usability 49112.11 Display Technologies 49812.12 Flight Control Inceptors 50613 Military Aircraft Adaptations 51113.1 Introduction 51113.2 Avionic and Mission System Interface 51213.3 Applications 519Reference 531Further Reading 531Appendices 533Introduction to Appendices 533Appendix A: Safety Analysis - Flight Control System 534A.1 Flight Control System Architecture 534A.2 Dependency Diagram 535A.3 Fault Tree Analysis 537Appendix B: Safety Analysis - Electronic Flight Instrument System 539B.1 Electronic Flight Instrument System Architecture 539B.2 Fault Tree Analysis 540Appendix C: Safety Analysis - Electrical System 543C.1 Electrical System Architecture 543C.2 Fault Tree Analysis 543Appendix D: Safety Analysis - Engine Control System 546D.1 Factors Resulting in an In-Flight Shut Down 546D.2 Engine Control System Architecture 546D.3 Markov Analysis 548Simplified Example (all failure rates per flight hour) 549Index 551