Problem Solving in Enzyme Biocatalysis

Enzyme biocatalysis is a fast-growing area in processbiotechnology that has expanded from the traditional fields offoods, detergents, and leather applications to more sophisticateduses in the pharmaceutical and fine-chemicals sectors andenvironmental management. Conventional applications of industrialenzymes are expected to grow, with major opportunities in thedetergent and animal feed sectors, and new uses in biofuelproduction and human and animal therapy.In order to design more efficient enzyme reactors and evaluateperformance properly, sound mathematical expressions must bedeveloped which consider enzyme kinetics, material balances, andeventual mass transfer limitations. With a focus on problemsolving, each chapter provides abridged coverage of the subject,followed by a number of solved problems illustrating resolutionprocedures and the main concepts underlying them, plussupplementary questions and answers.Based on more than 50 years of teaching experience, ProblemSolving in Enzyme Biocatalysis is a unique reference forstudents of chemical and biochemical engineering, as well asbiochemists and chemists dealing with bioprocesses.Contains: Enzyme properties and applications; enzyme kinetics;enzyme reactor design and operation 146 worked problems andsolutions in enzyme biocatalysis.

Enzyme biocatalysis is a fast-growing area in process biotechnology that has expanded from the traditional fields of foods, detergents, and leather applications to more sophisticated uses in the pharmaceutical and fine-chemicals sectors and environmental management. Conventional applications of industrial enzymes are expected to grow, with major opportunities in the detergent and animal feed sectors, and new uses in biofuel production and human and animal therapy. In order to design more efficient enzyme reactors and evaluate performance properly, sound mathematical expressions must be developed which consider enzyme kinetics, material balances, and eventual mass transfer limitations. With a focus on problem solving, each chapter provides abridged coverage of the subject, followed by a number of solved problems illustrating resolution procedures and the main concepts underlying them, plus supplementary questions and answers. Based on more than 50 years of teaching experience, Problem Solving in Enzyme Biocatalysis is a unique reference for students of chemical and biochemical engineering, as well as biochemists and chemists dealing with bioprocesses. Contains: Enzyme properties and applications; enzyme kinetics; enzyme reactor design and operation 146 worked problems and solutions in enzyme biocatalysis.

Preface ixNomenclature xiEpsilon Software Information xxi1 Facts and Figures in Enzyme Biocatalysis 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Enzymes as Process Catalysts 31.3 Evolution of Enzyme Biocatalysis: From Hydrolysis toSynthesis 51.4 The Enzyme Market: Figures and Outlook 6References 72 Enzyme Kinetics in a Homogeneous System 112.1 Introduction 112.2 Theory of Enzyme Kinetics 142.3 Single-Substrate Reactions 172.4 Multiple-Substrate Reactions 192.5 Multiple-Enzyme Reactions 212.6 Determination of Kinetic Parameters 222.7 Effects of Operational Variables on Enzyme Kinetics 24Solved Problems 29Supplementary Problems 72References 843 Enzyme Kinetics in a Heterogeneous System 873.1 Introduction 873.2 Immobilization of Enzymes 873.3 Mass-Transfer Limitations in Enzyme Catalysis 923.4 Determination of Intrinsic Kinetic and Mass-TransferParameters 102Solved Problems 105Supplementary Problems 127References 1384 Enzyme Reactor Design and Operation under Ideal Conditions1414.1 Modes of Operation and Reactor Configurations 1414.2 Definition of Ideal Conditions 1424.3 Strategy for Reactor Design and Performance Evaluation1434.4 Mathematical Models for Enzyme Kinetics, Modes of Operation,and Reactor Configurations under Ideal Conditions 143Solved Problems 157Supplementary Problems 174References 1795 Enzyme Reactor Design and Operation under Mass-TransferLimitations 1815.1 Sequential Batch and Continuously Operated Reactors withImmobilized Enzymes 1825.2 Mathematical Models for Enzyme Kinetics, Modes of Operation,and Reactor Configurations under Mass-Transfer Limitations 183Solved Problems 185Supplementary Problems 1986 Enzyme Reactor Design and Operation under BiocatalystInactivation 2036.1 Mechanistically Based Mathematical Models of EnzymeInactivation 2036.2 Effect of Catalytic Modulators on Enzyme Inactivation2056.3 Mathematical Models for Different Enzyme Kinetics, Modes ofOperation, and Reactor Configurations under BiocatalystInactivation 2066.4 Mathematical Models for Enzyme Kinetics, Modes of Operation,and Reactor Configurations under Simultaneous Mass-TransferLimitations and Enzyme Inactivation 2126.5 Strategies for Reactor Operation under BiocatalystInactivation 213Solved Problems 215Supplementary Problems 233References 2407 Optimization of Enzyme Reactor Operation 2437.1 Strategy for the Optimization of Enzyme Reactor Performance2447.2 Mathematical Programming for Static Optimization 2477.3 Dynamic Programming 2487.4 Statistical Optimization by Surface Response Methodology249Solved Problems 254Supplementary Problems 272References 275Appendix A Mathematical Methods 277A.1. Newton's Method 277A.2. Curve Fitting by Least Squares 280A.3. Solving Ordinary Differential Equations 296A.4. Numerical Methods for Solving Differential Equations302References 310Index 311