The Heart of Africa: Clinical Profile of an Evolving Burden of Heart D

While many high-income countries observe a relative decline in the population impact of heart disease and deal with the problem of an older patient population who readily survive earlier non-fatal encounters with the condition, Africa contends with a typically younger population with frequently advanced and often fatal heart disease. While high-income countries exclusively deal with non-communicable forms of heart disease, Africa contends with both communicable and non-communicable forms of heart disease.
* Designed to provide anyone with an interest in heart disease in Africa with an immediate sense of how the area is progressing from a clinical to research perspective in responding to this evolving epidemic
* Presents salient research uncovering the evolving burden of communicable and non-communicable forms of heart disease,
* Includes content on maternal heart disease, infant and childhood heart disease, risk and prevention, heart failure and other common forms of heart disease in rural and urban communities in Africa.

While many high-income countries observe a relative decline in the population impact of heart disease and deal with the problem of an older patient population who readily survive earlier non-fatal encounters with the condition, Africa contends with a typically younger population with frequently advanced and often fatal heart disease. Similarly, while high-income countries exclusively deal with non-communicable forms of heart disease, Africa contends with both communicable and non-communicable forms of heart disease. In clear contrast to regions such as Europe and North America, case complexity is often high and available resources from the individual to societal perspective (particularly primary health care services) are often sub-optimal. This book presents the most salient research detailing the evolving burden of communicable and non-communicable forms of heart disease published within the past decade. It is designed to give anyone with an interest in heart disease in Africa an immediate sense of where we are, from a clinical to research perspective, in responding to this evolving epidemic. The six sections in this book include; maternal heart health and pediatric heart disease, risk and prevention, infectious heart disease, non-communicable disease, and heart failure and the cardiomyopathies. * Considers the progress of cardiac healthcare in Africa, summarising and interpreting recent studies and the lessons that can be drawn from their outcomes; * Includes recommendations drawn from study results and discussion points on the future direction of healthcare management and therapies; * Each chapter contains helpful summary tables and is thoughtfully referenced, providing further direction for readers on that topic. This book will be of interest to health care workers, specialist clinicians, public health practitioners and health policy makers with an interest in cardiac health care in developing nations. Endorsed by PASCAR, The Pan-African Society of Cardiology

List of contributors vii
 
Foreword x
 
Preface xii
 
Acknowledgments xiv
 
Sub?-Saharan Africa and The Heart of Africa: A brief introduction 1
 
Section 1: Maternal heart health
Karen Sliwa
 
1 Maternal heart health 9
Karen Sliwa, John Anthony, and Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
 
References 27
 
Section 2: Infant and childhood heart disease
Ana Mocumbi
 
2 Congenital heart disease 35
Ana Mocumbi, Tantchou Tchoumi Jacques Cabral, John Musuku, and Serigne A. Ba
 
3 Acquired heart disease 44
Ana Mocumbi, Liesl Zühlke, and Peter Zilla
 
References 63
 
Section 3: Spectrum of cardiovascular risk and heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa
Simon Stewart
 
4 Cardiovascular risk in urban and rural African settings 73
Kemi Tibazarwa, Karen Sliwa, Melinda Jane Carrington, Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, and Simon Stewart
 
5 The African INTERHEART study 89
Krisela Steyn and Karen Sliwa
 
6 The spectrum of heart disease in urban Africans: The Heart of Soweto Study 96
Melinda Jane Carrington, Karen Sliwa, and Simon Stewart
 
References 113
 
Section 4: Infectious heart disease
Mpiko Ntsekhe
 
7 Rheumatic heart disease 121
Simon Stewart, Melinda Jane Carrington, and Karen Sliwa
 
8 Pericardial disease 136
Mpiko Ntsekhe
 
9 Human immunodeficiency virus-related heart disease 145
Friedrich Thienemann, Melinda Jane Carrington, Karen Sliwa, Mpiko Ntsekhe, and Simon Stewart
 
References 152
 
Section 5: Noncommunicable disease
Albertino Damasceno
 
10 Acute coronary syndrome in the African context 159
Anthony Becker
 
11 Stroke in the African context 176
Albertino Damasceno
 
References 183
 
Section 6: Heart failure
Simon Stewart
 
12 Acute heart failure 193
Mahmoud Sani, Dike Bevis Ojji, Anastase Dzudie, and Okechukwu Samuel Ogah
 
13 Hypertensive heart failure 212
Dike Bevis Ojji, Mahmoud Sani, Anastase Dzudie, and Okechukwu Samuel Ogah
 
14 Chronic heart failure 226
Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, Anastase Dzudie, Dike Bevis Ojji, and Mahmoud Sani
 
15 Pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure 237
Anastase Dzudie, Friedrich Thienemann, Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, Dike Bevis Ojji, and Mahmoud Sani
 
References 245
 
Abbreviations 254
 
Index 256