Global Energy and Water Cycles

The abundance of water in all three phases makes the Earth unique in the solar system. Knowledge of the fluxes and changes of phase of water are essential for an understanding of weather, climate and, indeed, of life itself. This book provides a treatment of advances in our understanding through improvements in global models, in the representation of the processes included in the models, and in related observations. It deals with fluxes within the atmosphere, at and beneath the land and ocean surface, and the interaction between them. In order to provide authoritative and coherent coverage of an area of environmental science that is developing rapidly, the book draws upon the expertise of many of the world's leading researchers across a wide range of meteorology, hydrology and oceanography. The book will be of main interest to graduate students and researchers in these subjects, but it will also appeal to final-year undergraduate students.

Provides a comprehensive treatment of models and processes related to water fluxes that are essential for an understanding of weather, climate and, indeed, of life itself. Will be of main interest to graduate students and researchers in meteorology, hydrology and oceanography, but will also prove useful for final-year undergraduate students.

List of contributors; Preface; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Part I. The Global Energy and Water Cycles: 1. The global energy cycle Richard D. Rosen; 2. The global water cycle Taikan Oki; Part II. Global Atmospheric Models, Data Assimilation and Applications to the Energy and Water Cycles: 3. Atmospheric models for weather prediction and climate simulations Eugenia Kalnay; 4. Numerical approximations for global atmospheric models David Williamson; 5. Parameterization of subgrid-scale processes Hua-lu Pan; 6. Principles of data assimilation Milija Zupanski and Eugenia Kalnay; 7. Estimation of the global energy and water cycle from global data assimilation Glenn White and Suranjana Saha; 8. Coupled atmosphere-ocean modeling for climate simulation and prediction Ming Ji and Arun Kumar; Part III. Atmospheric Processes and their Large-Scale Effects: 9. Radiative effects of clouds and water vapour Graeme L. Stephens; 10. Effects of aerosols on clouds and radiation Peter V. Hobbs; 11. Vertical transport processes T. Hauf and S. Brinkop; 12. Precipitating cloud systems Peter Jonas; Part IV. Surface and Sub-Surface Processes: 13. Estimating surface precipitation D. Rosenfeld and C. G. Collier; 14. Air-sea fluxes and their estimation Peter K. Taylor and Kristina B. Katsaros; 15. The ocean's response to the freshwater cycle Raymond W. Schmitt; 16. Physical and physiological feedback constraining evaporation from land surfaces J. L. Monteith; 17. Soil water P. J. Gregory; 18. Surface runoff and subsurface redistribution of water Eric F. Wood; Part V. Use of Small-Scale Models and Observational Data to Investigate Coupled Processes: 19. Mesoscale field experiments and models Jean-Claude André, Joël Noilhan and Jean-Paul Goutorbe; 20. Cloud-resolving models M. W. Moncrieff and W.-K. Tao; Part VI. Examples of the Use of GCMs to Investigate Effects of Coupled Processes: 21. The interaction of convective and turbulent fluxes in general circulation models David Gregory, Andrew Bushell and Andrew Brown; 22. Soil moisture-precipitation interaction: experience with two land surface schemes in the ECWMF model Anton C. M. Beljaars and Pedro Viterbo; Part VII. Continental-Scale Water Budgets: 23. Estimating evaporation-minus-precipitation as a residual of the atmospheric water budget Kevin E. Trenberth and Christian J. Guillemot; 24. Factors determining the partitioning of precipitation into evaporation and runoff P. C. D. Milly; 25. The water budget of a middle latitude continental region: a modelling and observational study Peter Rowntree; 26. Estimating large scale run-off E. Todini and L. Dümenil; Part VIII. The Way Forward: 27. Toward an integrated land-atmosphere-ocean hydrology Moustafa T. Chahine; Index.