Equine Reproductive Procedures

Equine Reproductive Procedures is a user-friendly guide to reproductive management, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic techniques on stallions, mares, and foals. Offering detailed descriptions of 161 procedures ranging from common to highly specialized, the book gives step-by-step instructions with interpretative information, as well as useful equipment lists and references for further reading. Presented in a highly portable spiral-bound format, Equine Reproductive Procedures is a practical resource for daily use in equine practice.Divided into sections on the non-pregnant mare, the pregnant mare, the postpartum mare, the stallion, and the newborn foal, the book is well-illustrated throughout with clinical photographs demonstrating procedures. Equine Reproductive Procedures provides practical guidance for performing basic and advanced techniques associated with the medical management of horses.

Equine Reproductive Procedures is a user-friendly guide to reproductive management, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic techniques on stallions, mares, and foals. Offering detailed descriptions of 161 procedures ranging from common to highly specialized, the book gives step-by-step instructions with interpretative information, as well as useful equipment lists and references for further reading. Presented in a highly portable spiral-bound format, Equine Reproductive Procedures is a practical resource for daily use in equine practice. Divided into sections on the non-pregnant mare, the pregnant mare, the postpartum mare, the stallion, and the newborn foal, the book is well-illustrated throughout with clinical photographs demonstrating procedures. Equine Reproductive Procedures provides practical guidance for performing basic and advanced techniques associated with the medical management of horses. Key features * Provides detailed step-by-step descriptions of 161 procedures used in equine reproductive practice * Covers stallions, mares, and newborn foals * Offers complete coverage of reproductive management, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic techniques * Includes both basic and specialized procedures, making it useful for practitioners of any experience level * Uses a cookbook style to present instructions and interpretations, a list of supplies, corresponding images, and pertinent references for each topic * Features nearly 500 images to illustrate techniques

List of Contributors xiiiPreface xvSection I Non-Pregnant Mare1 Reproductive Evaluation of the Mare 3Patrick M. McCue2 Teasing 6Patrick M. McCue3 TailWrap and Preparation/Washing of the Perineum 9John J. Dascanio4 Placement of a Tail Rope 14John J. Dascanio5 Perineal Conformation Evaluation 17John J. Dascanio6 Removal of a Persistent Hymen 20John J. Dascanio7 Palpation of the Reproductive Tract of the Non-Pregnant Mare 22Patrick M. McCue8 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Non-Pregnant Mare 26Patrick M. McCue9 Prediction of Ovulation 32Patrick M. McCue10 Speculum Examination of the Vagina 35John J. Dascanio11 Digital Examination of the Vagina/Cervix 38Sofie Sitters12 Uterine Culture Collection: Swab/Brush 41John J. Dascanio13 Antimicrobiotic Sensitivity Testing 44Jillian Bishop and Patrick M. McCue14 Microbiology: Microbial Culture 46Patrick M. McCue and Jillian Bishop15 Microbiology: Gram Stain 51Jillian Bishop and Patrick M. McCue16 qPCR Assay for the Diagnosis of Infectious Endometritis 53Ryan A. Ferris and Patrick M. McCue17 Uterine Cytology Collection: Swab/Brush 58John J. Dascanio and Ryan A. Ferris18 Uterine Culture/Cytology: Low Volume Lavage 64John J. Dascanio19 Endometrial Biopsy 68Patrick M. McCue20 Hysteroscopic Examination of the Uterus 71Patrick M. McCue21 Endometrial Cyst Removal 74John J. Dascanio22 Chromosomal Analysis 77Teri L. Lear23 Endocrinological Examination 83Patrick M. McCue24 Laparoscopic Examination of the Uterus and Ovaries 85Fausto Bellezzo25 Evaluation of the Mammary Gland 88Patrick M. McCue26 Antisperm Antibody Testing 91Patrick M. McCue27 Starch Granule Test for the Evaluation of Oviductal Patency 93Sofie Sitters and John J. Dascanio28 Fluorescent Microspheres Test for Evaluation of Oviductal Patency 95Sofie Sitters and John J. Dascanio29 Oviductal Flush Procedure for the Evaluation of Oviductal Patency 97Sofie Sitters and Patrick M. McCue30 Prostaglandin E2 Treatment for Blocked Oviducts 100Patrick M. McCue and Sofie Sitters31 Uterine Lavage 102John J. Dascanio32 Uterine Infusion 106John J. Dascanio33 Restraint for Breeding 109John J. Dascanio34 Natural Service: Pasture Breeding 112Patrick M. McCue35 Natural Service: In-hand Breeding 114Charles F. Scoggin36 Breeding Stitches 117Charles F. Scoggin37 Reinforcement Breeding 119Charles F. Scoggin38 Breeding with Fresh or Cooled Semen 121John J. Dascanio and Patrick M. McCue39 Insemination Through a Vaginal Speculum 125Patrick M. McCue40 Breeding with Frozen Semen 127John J. Dascanio41 Deep Horn Insemination 131John J. Dascanio42 Hysteroscopic (Low Dose) Insemination 133Patrick M. McCue43 Caslick Operation or Vulvoplasty 136John J. Dascanio44 Contagious Equine Metritis Testing 140John J. Dascanio45 Management of Seasonal Anestrus: Artificial Photoperiod 144Patrick M. McCue46 Management of Seasonal Anestrus: Hormone Therapy 146Patrick M. McCue47 Hormone Therapy in Cycling Mares 149Patrick M. McCue48 Estrus Suppression 155Patrick M. McCue49 Use of an Intrauterine Ball in Estrus Suppression 158John J. Dascanio50 Harvesting and Shipping Ovaries for Oocyte Recovery 161Patrick M. McCueSection II Pregnant Mare51 Embryo Collection 165Patrick M. McCue52 Embryo Evaluation 169Patrick M. McCue53 Embryo Biopsy 173Patrick M. McCue54 Embryo Packaging for Cooled Transport 175Patrick M. McCue55 Embryo Cryopreservation 178Patrick M. McCue56 Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer 182Patrick M. McCue57 Palpation of the Pregnant Mare Per Rectum 185Sofie Sitters58 Ultrasound Examination of the Pregnant Mare 188Patrick M. McCue59 Speculum Examination of the Pregnant Mare 193Sofie Sitters60 Ultrasound Determination of Fetal Sex 195Richard D. Holder61 Assessment of Fetal Well-being 201John J. Dascanio62 Combined Thickness of the Uterus and Placenta 205Patrick M. McCue63 Doppler Ultrasonography 208John J. Dascanio64 Prediction of Fetal Age 212John J. Dascanio65 Twin Reduction: Manual Technique 216John J. Dascanio66 Twin Reduction: Transvaginal Aspiration 219John J. Dascanio67 Twin Reduction: Cranio-Cervical Dislocation 222Sofie Sitters and Karen Wolfsdorf68 Twin Reduction: Transabdominal Fetal Cardiac Puncture 226John J. Dascanio69 Elective Termination of Pregnancy 229John J. Dascanio70 Abortion Diagnostic Evaluation: Sample Collection in the Field and Submission 232Julie T. Cecere and John J. Dascanio71 Endocrine Evaluation of Pregnancy 235Patrick M. McCue72 Treatment of Vaginal Varicosities 240John J. Dascanio73 Manual Correction of Uterine Torsion 243John J. Dascanio74 Preparation of the Mare for Foaling 246John J. Dascanio75 Assessment of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling 249John J. Dascanio76 Assessment of pH of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling 253Patrick M. McCue77 Monitoring of Peri-Parturient Mares Using Video and Web Cameras 256Ryan A. Ferris and Etta A. Bradecamp78 Foaling Alert: Vulvar Device 259John J. Dascanio79 Positional Labor Alert Devices 261Etta A. Bradecamp and Ryan A. Ferris80 Induction of Parturition 264John J. Dascanio81 Premature Separation of the Placenta 267Patrick M. McCue82 Dystocia Management 270Patrick M. McCue and Sofie Sitters83 Dystocia Correction 275John J. Dascanio84 Fetotomy 280John J. Dascanio85 Epidural 285John J. Dascanio86 Induction of Lactation to Create a Nurse Mare 287Patrick M. McCue87 Screening the Pregnant Mare to Prevent Neonatal Isoerythrolysis 289Patrick M. McCueSection III Postpartum Mare88 Evaluation of Colostrum Specific Gravity 293Patrick M. McCue89 Evaluation of Colostrum Quality: Brix Refractometry 297Patrick M. McCue90 Colostrum Banking 299Patrick M. McCue91 Obtaining Milk from the Mare 302John J. Dascanio92 Placental Evaluation 304Patrick M. McCue93 Removal of Retained Placenta 309John J. Dascanio94 Abdominocentesis in the Postpartum Mare 312John J. Dascanio95 Uterine Prolapse Treatment 314John J. Dascanio96 Buhner Needle Placement of a Perivulvar Suture 317John J. DascanioSection IV Stallion97 Breeding Soundness Evaluation of the Stallion 321Patrick M. McCue98 Training of a Stallion to Use a Phantom 325John J. Dascanio99 Missouri Artificial Vagina 329John J. Dascanio100 Colorado Model Artificial Vagina 332Patrick M. McCue101 Roanoke Artificial Vagina 336John J. Dascanio102 Hannover Artificial Vagina 340Sofie Sitters103 Teaser Stallions 342Charles F. Scoggin104 Standing Semen Collection 344John J. Dascanio105 Chemical Ejaculation 347Patrick M. McCue106 Preparation of a Jump Mare or a Mare for Natural Cover 349John J. Dascanio107 Washing the Penis 351John J. Dascanio108 Evaluation of Sexual Behavior in the Stallion 354John J. Dascanio109 Calibrated Spectrophotometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration 357John J. Dascanio110 Hemocytometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration 360John J. Dascanio111 NucleoCounter(r) Evaluation of Sperm Concentration and Viability 363Patrick M. McCue112 Visual Evaluation of Sperm Motility 366Patrick M. McCue113 Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis 368John J. Dascanio114 Eosin-Nigrosin Staining in the Evaluation of Sperm 373Julie T. Cecere115 Evaluation of Sperm Morphology 377Leonardo Brito116 Determination of Daily Sperm Output 384Patrick M. McCue117 Measurement of Testicular Size and Estimation of Daily Sperm Output 386Patrick M. McCue118 Wet Mount Evaluation of Sperm 389John J. Dascanio119 Diff-Quik(r) Evaluation of Round Cells and Sperm 392John J. Dascanio120 Electron Microscopy of Semen 394D. N. Rao Veeramachaneni121 Bacterial Culture in the Stallion 396John J. Dascanio122 Evaluation of pH and Osmolarity of Semen 399Patrick M. McCue123 Alkaline Phosphatase: A Marker for Ejaculation 401Patrick M. McCue124 Diagnosis and Management of Urospermia 403John J. Dascanio125 Semen Extenders and Sperm Media 406Patrick M. McCue126 Preparation of Semen for Cooled Transport 409Etta A. Bradecamp127 Packing Semen for Cooled Transport 412Etta A. Bradecamp128 Longevity Testing of Sperm 419John J. Dascanio129 Calculation of g Force for Centrifuging Semen 421John J. Dascanio130 Centrifugation of Semen: Standard Technique 424Etta A. Bradecamp131 Centrifugation of Semen: Cushion Technique 429Etta A. Bradecamp132 Centrifugation of Semen: Selection of Motile Sperm Using a Single Layer Colloid Technique 433Etta A. Bradecamp133 Semen Freezing 436Patrick M. McCue134 Thawing Frozen Semen 441John J. Dascanio135 Preparing a Vapor Shipper 444Julie T. Cecere136 Loading a Vapor Shipper 448Julie T. Cecere, Patrick M. McCue, and John J. Dascanio137 Maintaining a Long-Term Frozen Semen Storage Tank 450John J. Dascanio138 Harvesting and Shipping Testes 453John J. Dascanio139 Epididymal Sperm Recovery 455John J. Dascanio140 Endoscopic Examination of the Urethra 458Patrick M. McCue141 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Testis, Epididymis, and Spermatic Cord 461Sofie Sitters142 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Accessory Sex Glands 466Sofie Sitters143 Radiographic Examination of the Penis 471Patrick M. McCue144 Testicular Biopsy and Aspiration 473John J. Dascanio145 Assessment of Sperm Plasma Membrane Integrity and Viability: Propidium Iodide/SYBR-14 476Amanda I. Glazar146 Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay 478Charles Love147 Hypo-Osmotic Swelling Test 481Patrick M. McCue148 Assessment of Sperm Acrosomal Status: FITC PNA 483Amanda I. Glazar149 Assessment of Sperm Mitochondrial Function: JC-1 and Rhodamine 123 486Amanda I. Glazar150 Equine Viral Arteritis Testing 488G. Reed Holyoak151 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Baseline Hormone Levels 492Patrick M. McCue152 Diagnostic Endocrinology: GnRH Stimulation Tests 494Patrick M. McCue153 Diagnostic Endocrinology: hCG Stimulation Test 496Patrick M. McCue154 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Estrogen Conjugate Assay 499Patrick M. McCue155 Probang Apparatus 501Julie T. Cecere156 Support Apparatus for Paraphimosis 504John J. DascanioSection V Newborn Foal157 Birth Resuscitation 511Patrick M. McCue158 Evaluation of Passive Transfer 514Patrick M. McCue159 Colostral Administration via Naso-Gastric Intubation 518John J. Dascanio160 Routine Care 521Patrick M. McCue161 Foal Rejection 527Patrick M. McCueSection VI AppendicesAppendix 1 Society for Theriogenology Stallion Reproductive Evaluation Form 533Appendix 2 Mare Breeding Soundness Evaluation Form 537Appendix 3 Formulary for Equine Reproduction 540Appendix 4 Foaling Kit and Associated Equipment and Supplies 549Index 551