Environmental Transport Processes
Lieferzeit: Besorgungstitel - Lieferbar innerhalb von 10 Werktagen I
Gewicht:
1021 g
Format:
246x200x30 mm
Beschreibung:
A unique approach to the challenges of complex environmental systems
Environmental Transport Processes, Second Edition provides much-needed guidance on mass transfer principles in environmental engineering. It focuses on working with uncontrolled conditions involving biological and physical systems, offering examples from diverse fields, including mass transport, kinetics, wastewater treatment, and unit processes.
This new edition is fully revised and updated, incorporating modern approaches and practice problems at the end of chapters, making the Second Edition more concise, accessible, and easy to use.
The book discusses the fundamentals of transport processes occurring in natural environments, with special emphasis on working at the biological-physical interface. It considers transport and kinetics in terms of systems that involve microorganisms, along with in-depth coverage of particles, size spectra, and calculations for particles that can be considered either spheres or fractals. The book's treatment of particles as fractals is especially unique and the Second Edition includes a new section on exoelectrogenic biofilms. It also addresses dispersion in natural and engineered systems unlike any other book on the subject.
Readers will learn to tackle with confidence complex environmental systems and make transport calculations in heterogeneous environments with mixtures of chemicals.
Environmental Transport Processes, Second Edition provides much-needed guidance on mass transfer principles in environmental engineering. It focuses on working with uncontrolled conditions involving biological and physical systems, offering examples from diverse fields, including mass transport, kinetics, wastewater treatment, and unit processes.
This new edition is fully revised and updated, incorporating modern approaches and practice problems at the end of chapters, making the Second Edition more concise, accessible, and easy to use.
The book discusses the fundamentals of transport processes occurring in natural environments, with special emphasis on working at the biological-physical interface. It considers transport and kinetics in terms of systems that involve microorganisms, along with in-depth coverage of particles, size spectra, and calculations for particles that can be considered either spheres or fractals. The book's treatment of particles as fractals is especially unique and the Second Edition includes a new section on exoelectrogenic biofilms. It also addresses dispersion in natural and engineered systems unlike any other book on the subject.
Readers will learn to tackle with confidence complex environmental systems and make transport calculations in heterogeneous environments with mixtures of chemicals.
Developed as a reference for transport phenomena courses, this completely revised second edition of Environmental Transport Processes provides a readable and approachable treatment of environmental systems.
Preface xi
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Notation for chemical transport 2
1.3 Simplifications for environmental systems 5
1.4 Review of Mass Balances 11
2. Equilibrium Calculations 18
2.1 Introduction 18
2.2 Thermodynamic state functions 20
2.3 Chemical potentials 21
2.4 Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constants 23
2.5 Distribution of chemical based on fugacites 25
3. Diffusive Transport 43
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Diffusion 43
3.3 Calculation of molecular diffusion coefficients 45
3.4 Effective diffusion coefficients in porous media 53
3.5 Experimental determination of diffusivities and molecular size spectra 59
4. The Constitutive Transport Equation 79
4.1 Introduction 79
4.2 Derivation of the general transport equation 80
4.3 Special forms of the general transport equation 81
4.4 Similarity of mass, momentum, and heat dispersion laws 84
4.5 Transport relative to moving coordinate systems 86
4.6 Simplified forms of the constitutive transport equation 89
4.7 The constitutive transport equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinates 91
5. Concentration Profiles and Chemical Fluxes 95
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 The three theories of mass transport 95
5.3 Mass transport in radical and cylindrical coordinates using shell balances 112
6. Mass Transport Correlations: From Theory to Empiricism 120
6.1 Definition of a mass transport coefficient 120
6.2 The three theories 121
6.3 Multiple resistances during interphase mass transport 125
6.4 Correlations for mass transport coefficients 132
6.5 Transport to spheres 135
7. Kinetics and Mass Transfer 140
7.1 Introduction 140
7.2 Fluid shear and turbulence 141
7.3 Mass transport in steady sheared fluids 145
7.4 Mass transport in turbulent sheared fluids 148
7.5 Shear rates in mixed reactors 149
7.6 Chemical transport in bubbled reactors 158
8. Suspended Unattached and Aggregated Microorganisms 167
8.1 Introduction 167
8.2 Chemical transport to cells at rest 167
8.3 Effect of fluid motion on microorganisms 170
8.4 Transport to microbial aggregates 175
8.5 Effectiveness factors for mass transport 184
8.6 Relative uptake factors for mass transport 187
8.7 Differences between the MEC and MFC systems 145
9. Biofilms 194
9.1 Introduction 194
9.2 Transport in the fluid layer above a biofilm 194
9.3 Biofilm kinetics 198
9.4 Modeling completely mixed biofilm reactors: rotation biological contactors 210
9.5 Modeling plug flow biofilm reactors: packed beds 213
9.6 Modeling wetted wall biofilm reactors: trickling filters 215
9.7 Electrogenic biofilms 225
10. Disperson 232
10.1 Introduction 232
10.2 Averaging properties to derive dispersion coefficients in turbulent fluids 235
10.3 Dispersion in nonboundeded turbulent sheared fluids 239
10.4 Longitundinal dispersion coefficients for defined systems 244
10.5 Dispersion in porous media 253
11. Rivers, Lakes and Oceans 264
11.1 Introduction 264
11.2 Chemical transport in rivers 265
11.3 Mixing in lakes 273
11.4 Mixing in estuaries 277
11.5 Mixing in the ocean 279
11.6 Operation and assessment of MFCs 181
12. Chemical Transport
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Notation for chemical transport 2
1.3 Simplifications for environmental systems 5
1.4 Review of Mass Balances 11
2. Equilibrium Calculations 18
2.1 Introduction 18
2.2 Thermodynamic state functions 20
2.3 Chemical potentials 21
2.4 Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constants 23
2.5 Distribution of chemical based on fugacites 25
3. Diffusive Transport 43
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Diffusion 43
3.3 Calculation of molecular diffusion coefficients 45
3.4 Effective diffusion coefficients in porous media 53
3.5 Experimental determination of diffusivities and molecular size spectra 59
4. The Constitutive Transport Equation 79
4.1 Introduction 79
4.2 Derivation of the general transport equation 80
4.3 Special forms of the general transport equation 81
4.4 Similarity of mass, momentum, and heat dispersion laws 84
4.5 Transport relative to moving coordinate systems 86
4.6 Simplified forms of the constitutive transport equation 89
4.7 The constitutive transport equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinates 91
5. Concentration Profiles and Chemical Fluxes 95
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 The three theories of mass transport 95
5.3 Mass transport in radical and cylindrical coordinates using shell balances 112
6. Mass Transport Correlations: From Theory to Empiricism 120
6.1 Definition of a mass transport coefficient 120
6.2 The three theories 121
6.3 Multiple resistances during interphase mass transport 125
6.4 Correlations for mass transport coefficients 132
6.5 Transport to spheres 135
7. Kinetics and Mass Transfer 140
7.1 Introduction 140
7.2 Fluid shear and turbulence 141
7.3 Mass transport in steady sheared fluids 145
7.4 Mass transport in turbulent sheared fluids 148
7.5 Shear rates in mixed reactors 149
7.6 Chemical transport in bubbled reactors 158
8. Suspended Unattached and Aggregated Microorganisms 167
8.1 Introduction 167
8.2 Chemical transport to cells at rest 167
8.3 Effect of fluid motion on microorganisms 170
8.4 Transport to microbial aggregates 175
8.5 Effectiveness factors for mass transport 184
8.6 Relative uptake factors for mass transport 187
8.7 Differences between the MEC and MFC systems 145
9. Biofilms 194
9.1 Introduction 194
9.2 Transport in the fluid layer above a biofilm 194
9.3 Biofilm kinetics 198
9.4 Modeling completely mixed biofilm reactors: rotation biological contactors 210
9.5 Modeling plug flow biofilm reactors: packed beds 213
9.6 Modeling wetted wall biofilm reactors: trickling filters 215
9.7 Electrogenic biofilms 225
10. Disperson 232
10.1 Introduction 232
10.2 Averaging properties to derive dispersion coefficients in turbulent fluids 235
10.3 Dispersion in nonboundeded turbulent sheared fluids 239
10.4 Longitundinal dispersion coefficients for defined systems 244
10.5 Dispersion in porous media 253
11. Rivers, Lakes and Oceans 264
11.1 Introduction 264
11.2 Chemical transport in rivers 265
11.3 Mixing in lakes 273
11.4 Mixing in estuaries 277
11.5 Mixing in the ocean 279
11.6 Operation and assessment of MFCs 181
12. Chemical Transport